https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/9328
구현 + bfs문제였습니다.
📕 풀이방법
빌딩 끝에서 열쇠를 찾아 출발지점으로 돌아가 문을 열 수도 있습니다. 이 말은 왔다갔다 이동하면서 한 공간을 여러번 방문할 수 있다는 말입니다. 언제 훔친 문서를 갱신해야 하는지, 시점을 찾는 것이 중요합니다.
📔 입력 및 초기화
매 테스트 케이스마다 적절히 초기화 후 입력받습니다. 빌딩 정보를 입력 받은 후에는 열쇠 정보를 담고 있는 문자열을 입력받습니다. 이 문자열을 순회하며 각 열쇠를 key, 가지고 있는지의 여부를 value로 하여 map에 저장합니다.
📔 풀이과정
1. 출입구 후보 설정 : 빌딩의 테두리를 순회하며 벽이 아닌 부분은 출입구의 후보가 될 수 있기 때문에 모두 entry라는 vector변수에 행,열 좌표를 push해줍니다.
2. bfs함수 수행 : 갱신이 더이상 필요없을 때까지 수행합니다. 갱신이 필요한 경우는 다음의 두 가지입니다. 문을 가지고 있는 열쇠로 딴 경우, 새로운 열쇠를 집은 경우입니다. 다른 경우에는 방문하는 형태가 달라지는 경우가 없기 때문입니다. 즉, 문서를 집거나 빈 방을 방문했을 때는 상관이 없습니다.
bfs함수는 다음과 같은 절차로 수행합니다.
2-1. 출입구 후보들의 좌표를 다음 조건을 따져 queue에 push합니다.
2-1-1. 출입구에 문이 있는경우 딸 수 있는 경우에만 queue에 넣어줍니다.
2-1-2. 출입구에 문서가 있으면 바로 훔쳐줍니다. 다음 bfs수행시 중복되지 않기 위해 남은 문서가 없다는 뜻에서 해당 공간을 '.'로 바꿔줍니다. 그 후 queue에 넣어줍니다.
2-1-3. 출입구에 열쇠가 있으면 가지고 있는 key목록들이 저장되어 있는 map변수 keys에 넣어줍니다. 그 후 빈 방('.')으로 바꿔준 후 queue에 넣어줍니다.
2-2. q가 빌 때까지 while문을 돕니다.
2-2-1. 현 좌표는 r행, c열입니다. 동, 서, 남, 북으로 이동할 수 있습니다. 4방향으로 이동한 좌표는 nr행, nc열입니다.
2-2-2. r,c에서 nr,nc를 다음 조건을 확인하며 이동(queue에 push)합니다.
2-2-2-1. 빌딩 밖을 벗어난 경우, 이미 확인한 공간이라면 continue해줍니다.
2-2-2-2. nr, nc가 문인데 가지고 있는 key가 없어 문을 딸 수 없다면 continue해줍니다.
2-2-2-3. key를 가지고 있어 문을 딸 수 있다면 갱신이 필요한 상황이므로 isNeedUpdate를 1로 만들어줍니다.
2-2-2-4. nr, nc에 문서가 있다면 줍습니다. 그 후 현재 훔친 문서 개수 + 1 해줍니다.
2-2-2-5. nr, nc에 key가 있을 때에는 가지고 있는 keys를 갱신해줍니다. 이 또한 갱신이 필요한 상황이므로 isNeedUpdate를 1로 만들어줍니다.
2-2-2-2 ~ 2-2-2-5 의 경우에는 모두 행위를 완료했으므로 빈방으로 만들어주고 방문여부를 갱신해줍니다.
2-3. 갱신 여부를 반환해줍니다. 갱신 해야하면 1 안해도 된다면 0입니다.
📔 정답출력
현재까지 훔친 문서를 출력해줍니다.
📕 Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define fastio ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
using namespace std;
using pii = pair<int,int>;
struct Coords{ int r, c; };
int dr[] = {0,0,-1,1};
int dc[] = {1,-1,0,0};
int n, m, testCase, countDoc, ck[101][101];
char building[101][101];
map <char,int> keys;
vector <Coords> entry;
//테두리에 있는 출입구 모두 찾아 entry에 push
void pushEntries(){
for(int col = 0; col < m; col++){
if(building[0][col] != '*')
entry.push_back({0,col});
}
for(int row = 1; row < n; row++){
if(building[row][m-1] != '*')
entry.push_back({row,m-1});
}
for(int col = m-2; col >= 0; col--){
if(building[n-1][col] != '*' )
entry.push_back({n-1,col});
}
for(int row = 1; row < n - 1; row++){
if(building[row][0] != '*')
entry.push_back({row,0});
}
}
int bfs(){
int isNeedUpdate = 0;
memset(ck,0,sizeof(ck));
queue <Coords> q;
for(auto e : entry) {
if('A' <= building[e.r][e.c] && building[e.r][e.c] <= 'Z'){
if(keys[building[e.r][e.c] -'A' + 'a']) building[e.r][e.c] = '.';
else continue;
}
if('a' <= building[e.r][e.c] && building[e.r][e.c] <= 'z'){
keys[building[e.r][e.c]] = 1;
}
q.push({e.r, e.c});
ck[e.r][e.c] = 1;
if(building[e.r][e.c] == '$') building[e.r][e.c] = '.', countDoc++;
}
while(!q.empty()){
int r = q.front().r;
int c = q.front().c;
q.pop();
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
int nr = r + dr[i];
int nc = c + dc[i];
if(0 > nr || nr >= n || 0 > nc || nc >= m) continue;
if(building[nr][nc] == '*' || ck[nr][nc]) continue;
if('A' <= building[nr][nc] && building[nr][nc] <= 'Z'){
char key = building[nr][nc] - 'A' + 'a';
if(!keys[key]) continue;
isNeedUpdate = 1;
}
if(building[nr][nc] == '$') countDoc++;
if('a' <= building[nr][nc] && building[nr][nc] <= 'z') {
keys[building[nr][nc]] = 1;
isNeedUpdate = 1;
}
building[nr][nc] = '.';
ck[nr][nc] = 1;
q.push({nr,nc});
}
}
return isNeedUpdate;
}
int main(){
fastio;
cin >> testCase;
while(testCase--){
keys.clear();
entry.clear();
countDoc = 0;
cin >> n >> m;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
for(int j = 0; j < m; j++){
cin >> building[i][j];
}
}
string keyInPossession;
cin >> keyInPossession;
for(auto k : keyInPossession) keys[k] = 1;
pushEntries();
while(bfs());
cout << countDoc << '\n';
}
}
📕 Test Case
몇 가지 반례를 질문게시판에서 가져왔습니다.
https://www.acmicpc.net/board/view/69162
14
2 2
** **
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2 2
.. ..
abc
2 2
$$ $$
0
3 5
*****
*$$$.
*****
0
3 3
***
Z$*
***
z
3 4
****
.A$*
****
a
3 3
***
*$*
***
0
3 4
****
.A$*
****
0
3 6
****.*
Z$B$B*
******
b
5 8
********
*DcB.*b*
*$*..*A*
*E$C...*
****.***
a
15 15
**$*.**********
****.*******$**
****B.$****b.**
$*****c*****.**
*C$.*****fD..**
*$*xd******.**$
$.C********A.**
**h********.AA.
***************
***.i**********
***.***.K$*****
*k.$$I.$*******
******.$..j***$
*******D*******
****$**F*******
za
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